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Dav class 6 science The world of living notes
| SL.NO | TOPIC |
| 1 | Our Environment |
| 2 | Food |
| 3 | Nature of matter |
| 4 | Separation of Substance |
| 5 | Changes around us |
| 6 | Measurement and Motion |
| 7 | The world of living |
| 8 | Structure and Function of the Living Organism-Plants |
| 9 | Structure and Function of the Living Organism-Animals |
| 10 | Work and Energy |
| 11 | Electric currents and Circuits |
| 12 | Light and Shadows |
| 13 | Magnents |
| 14 | Electric Currents and Circuits |
Dav class 6 science The world of living notes-chapter 7
THE WORLD OF LIVING
1. Introduction
- The world around us consists of living and non-living things.
- Living things show special characteristics that make them different from non-living things.
2. Characteristics of Living Things
(a) Living things need food
- Food gives energy to perform activities.
- Plants prepare their own food by photosynthesis.
- Animals depend on plants or other animals for food.
(b) Living things grow
- Growth is a permanent and irreversible change in size and shape.
- A baby grows into a child and then an adult.
- Plants also grow — roots, stems, leaves, and flowers increase in size.
(c) Living things move
- Plants show movement (like bending towards sunlight or opening/closing of flowers).
- Animals move from one place to another in search of food, water, shelter, or protection.
(d) Living things respire
- Respiration is the process of releasing energy from food.
- Animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.
- Plants also respire all the time.
(e) Living things respond to stimuli
- Stimulus: A change in surroundings that causes a reaction.
- Example: We feel cold in winter and wear warm clothes.
- Example: The touch-me-not plant closes its leaves when touched.
(f) Living things reproduce
- Reproduction means producing more of the same kind.
- Animals give birth to young ones or lay eggs.
- Plants reproduce through seeds, stems, roots, or leaves.
(g) Living things excrete
- Excretion is the process of removing waste materials.
- Humans excrete through urine, sweat, and breathing out carbon dioxide.
- Plants excrete oxygen during photosynthesis and other waste as gums or resins.
(h) Living things have a definite lifespan
- Every living thing is born, grows, becomes old, and dies.
- Example: Humans may live for about 70–80 years.
(i) Living things are made up of cells
- A cell is the basic unit of life.
- Some organisms (like amoeba) are made of only one cell (unicellular).
- Humans, animals, and plants are made up of many cells (multicellular).
The Living World Class 6 DAV pdf notes
3. Differences Between Living and Non-living Things
| Living Things | Non-living Things |
| Need food, water, and air | Do not need food, water, or air |
| Grow with time | Do not grow on their own |
| Can move on their own | Cannot move on their own |
| Respire | Do not respire |
| Respond to stimuli | Do not respond |
| Reproduce | Do not reproduce |
| Made up of cells | Not made up of cells |
4. Summary
- Living things show characteristics like nutrition, growth, movement, respiration, response, reproduction, excretion, a definite lifespan, and cell structure.
- Non-living things do not show these features.
- These differences help us to identify the living world around us.
Class 6 Dav Science The world of living notes
3. Classification of Living Things
(A) Classification of Plants
Plants can be classified based on
- Height, size and shape
- Life span
- Flowers
- Habitat
- Nutrition
Animals can be classified based on
- The backbone
- Food habits
- Mode of reproduction
- Body covering
Dav class 6 science The world of living notes
Classification of Plants
Plants are classified in several ways, including by their height, lifespan, habitat, and nutrition.
1. Based on Height, Size, and Shape
- Herbs: Very small plants, usually a few centimetres to about one meter tall. They have soft, green stems. Examples include mint leaves, vegetables, grasses, and many flowering plants. A banana plant is considered a herb even though it can be as tall as a tree because its stem is underground and its trunk is made of rolled-over leaf bases.
- Shrubs: Medium-sized plants that are typically one to three meters tall. They are bushy and have a hard, woody stem. Examples include the cotton plant, bougainvillaea, and rose.
- Trees: Tall, large plants with strong, woody stems. Examples include neem, peepal, mango, and apple trees.
2. Based on Lifespan
- Annuals: Plants that survive for only one season. Many seasonal flowering plants and vegetables are examples of annuals.
- Biennials: Plants that live for two seasons. They grow vegetatively in the first year and produce flowers and fruits in the second. Examples include carrots, radishes, and turnips.
- Perennials: Plants that live for many years and produce flowers and fruits multiple times during their life. Examples include mango, guava, and neem trees.
3. Based on Habitat
A habitat is the place where a plant or animal lives, gets food, and interacts with its environment.
- Mesophytes: Plants that grow on land and need a moderate amount of water. They have medium-sized roots and normal green leaves. Examples are mango and apple trees.
- Xerophytes: Plants that grow in deserts and need very little water to survive. They have long roots and thin, spiny leaves to minimise water loss. Examples include cacti and babool.
- Hydrophytes: Plants that grow in water and need a maximum amount of water. They have either very small roots or no roots at all, and their leaves are coated with a thin film for protection. Examples are lotus and water lily.
4. Based on Nutrition
- Autotrophs: Plants that can make their own food through photosynthesis. All green plants are in this category.
- Heterotrophs: Plants that cannot make their own food and instead use food synthesised by other plants or animals. Heterotrophs are further divided into:
- Saprophytes: Plants that feed on dead and decaying bodies. Examples are mushrooms and fungi.
- Parasites: Plants that feed on other living bodies. Examples are dodder (amar bel) and orchids.
Dav class 6 science The world of living notes- Chapter 7
Classification of Animals
Animals are classified based on a variety of characteristics, including the presence of a backbone, their food habits, reproduction, and body covering.
1. Based on Backbone
- Vertebrates: Animals that have a backbone, which is a bony skeleton made of small, ring-like bones called vertebrae. Examples include human beings, fish, frogs, lizards, and birds.
- Invertebrates: Animals that do not have a backbone. They have a soft body. Examples include earthworms, cockroaches, snails, and starfish.
2. Based on Food Habits
- Frugivores: Animals that eat only fruits. An example is a parrot.
- Insectivores: Animals that feed on insects. An example is a lizard.
- Saprophytes: Animals that eat the decaying matter of other plants or animals. Some bacteria are examples of this.
- Parasites: Animals that get food by living in or on the bodies of other animals. Examples include leeches, head lice, and bed bugs.
3. Based on Reproduction
- Some animals lay
- eggs, such as fish and birds.
- Some animals reproduce by
dividing their bodies, like amoeba and hydra.
- Some animals give birth directly to their young, such as rats, cows, and humans.
4. Based on Body Covering
- Some animals, like snakes and fish, have scales.
- Frogs have slimy skin.
- Birds have
- feathers.
- Animals like humans, cows, and horses have hair.
The world of living class 6 Chapter 7 Dav notes
Importance of Plants and Animals
Plants and animals provide many useful substances for our daily lives.
How Plants are Useful:
- They produce oxygen during photosynthesis, which is essential for all living beings to survive.
- They are the primary source of all food, providing us with fruits, grains, vegetables, oils, spices, and more.
- We get materials like
- wood, rubber, paper, and cotton from plants.
- Many medicines are made from plants, such as neem, tulsi, and eucalyptus.
How Animals are Useful:
- Animals like camels and horses are used for transportation.
- We get products like leather, wool, and silk from animals.
- Animal excreta is used as manure and for producing gas.
- Many edible products like milk, honey, eggs, and meat are obtained from animals.
Dav class 6 science The world of living notes-Fill in the blanks
Fill In the Blanks
- ______ plants that survive for one season only. (Annuals)
- Plants which prepare their own food by the process of plants photosynthesis are called ___ (autotrophs)
- ______ is a basic unit of life. (cell)
- Animals which eat fruits only is called _____ (frugivores)
- plants that need large amounts of water, and hence, grow in water are called ____ (hydrophytes)
- plants which cannot prepare their own food, They use food synthesised by other plants and animals are called _____. (heterotrophs)
- _____is a place where plants and animals live, get food and interact with the environment.( habitat)
- ______ animals which feed on insects only. (insectivores)
- _______animals which do not have a backbone. (invertebrates)
- ______ plants that grow on land and need moderate amount of water supply for their survival. (invertebrates)
- organisms, like humans, ant, which consist of many cells are called _____ ( multicellular organism)
- _______ plants that live for many years.( perennials)
- _______ organisms which feed on other living bodies. (perennials)
- plants which feed on dead and decaying bodies is called ____ (Saprophytes)
- organism, like amoeba, which is made up of a single cell is called _____ (Unicellular organism).
- animals which have a backbone is called _____ (vertibrates)
- plants that grow in deserts and need very small amounts of water for their survival is called ____ (xerophytes)
Dav class 6 science The world of living notes-Give reason
Give Reason-
Why is a banana plant considered a herb, even though it is tall?
A banana plant is considered a herb even though it is as tall as a tree. This is because its stem is underground (similar to ginger), and its trunk is composed of leaf bases that are rolled over one another.
Why do xerophytes have long roots and spiny leaves?
Xerophytes, which are plants that grow in deserts, need very small amounts of water for survival. They have long roots that go deep into the ground to find water. Their leaves are thin and spiny, which helps minimise water loss.
A cactus can survive in the desert.
A cactus, which is a xerophyte, can survive in the desert because it is adapted to an environment with very small amounts of water. It has long roots that go deep into the ground to access water and bears thin, spiny leaves that help minimise water loss
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