Diversity in the Living World Class 6 Notes- We will share Diversity in the Living World Class 6 Notes for class 6 CBSE students. This article will teach us about Class 6 Science Chapter 2 Diversity in the Living World Class 6. Here, we will cover Diversity in Plants and Animals Around Us, and how to group plants and animals in different surroundings with different activities performed in this chapter.
Diversity in the Living World Class 6 Notes
This detailed note captures the essence of the chapter, highlighting key concepts and encouraging observational activities to enhance learning.
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Diversity in the Living World Class 6 Chapter 2 Notes
Introduction
In this chapter, we will explore the fascinating world of plants and animals. You will learn how to observe them, understand their different characteristics, and recognize their importance in our environment.
Exploring Plants
When you step outside, you notice a variety of plants around you. Some plants are small and grow close to the ground, while others are tall and sturdy.
Types of Plants:
- Herbs: These plants have soft, green stems and are usually small. Examples include mint and coriander.
- Shrubs: These are bushy plants with a hard stem. They are medium-sized, like rose bushes and hibiscus.
- Trees: Tall plants with a single hard stem called the trunk. Examples include mango and neem trees.
- Climbers and Creepers: Climbers need support to grow upwards, like money plants, while creepers spread along the ground, like pumpkin plants
Parts of a Plant:
- Roots: They anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients from the soil.
- Stem: It supports the plant and transports water and nutrients.
- Leaves: These are the food factories of the plant where photosynthesis occurs.
- Flowers: They are the reproductive parts of the plant and later turn into fruits.
- Fruits and Seeds: Fruits protect the seeds, which can grow into new plants.
Leaf Venation:
- Parallel Venation: Veins run parallel to each other, like in grass.
- Reticulate Venation: Veins form a network, like in mango leaves.
Root Systems:
- Taproot System: One main root grows deep into the soil with smaller roots branching off, like in carrots.
- Fibrous Root System: Many thin roots spread out from the base of the stem, like in wheat.
Exploring Animals
Animals add life and movement to our environment. They come in various shapes, sizes, and behaviours.
Types of Animals:
- Domestic Animals: These animals live with humans and help them in various ways, like cows, dogs, and cats.
- Wild Animals: These animals live in forests and jungles, like lions, tigers, and deer.
- Birds: Birds have feathers and beaks, and most can fly, like sparrows, eagles, and pigeons.
- Insects: These are small creatures with six legs, like ants, butterflies, and bees.
- Aquatic Animals: These animals live in water, like fish, dolphins, and whales.
- Amphibians: These animals can live both in water and on land, like frogs and salamanders.
Animal Behavior:
- Movement: Animals move in different ways. Birds fly, fish swim, and monkeys swing from tree to tree.
- Sounds: Animals make unique sounds to communicate. Each bird species has its own chirp, and animals like lions roar to mark their territory.
Animal Adaptations:
- Physical Adaptations: Some animals have special features to survive in their habitats. For example, camels have long eyelashes to protect their eyes from sand.
- Behavioural Adaptations: Animals behave in certain ways to survive. For example, birds migrate to warmer regions during winter.
Conservation of Nature
It’s important to protect plants and animals to maintain a balanced ecosystem. Many people and organizations work to conserve nature.
Famous Conservationists:
- Janaki Ammal: She was a renowned botanist who contributed significantly to plant science.
- Dr. Salim Ali: Known as the “Birdman of India,” he made important contributions to ornithology.
Conservation Efforts:
- Project Tiger: Launched in 1973 to protect tigers in India.
- Silent Valley Movement: A movement to protect the Silent Valley forest in Kerala from being turned into a dam.
Activities for Students
- Observation Walk: Take a walk in your garden or nearby park. Observe the different plants and animals. Note their characteristics and try to identify them.
- Leaf Collection: Collect leaves of different shapes and sizes. Identify the type of venation and classify them as monocot or dicot.
- Bird Watching: Observe the birds in your area. Note their colour, size, and behaviour. Try to identify their calls.
Conclusion
Understanding plants and animals helps us appreciate the diversity of life around us. By learning about their characteristics and behaviours, we can better understand how to protect and conserve our environment. Always remember to respect nature and play your part in its conservation.
This detailed note captures the essence of the chapter, highlighting key concepts and encouraging observational activities to enhance learning.
Grouping Plants
Plants come in various shapes, sizes, and forms. Grouping them helps us understand their characteristics and roles in the environment. Here’s a guide to grouping plants based on their features:
1. Based on Size and Stem Structure
Herbs
- Characteristics: Small, soft, green stems.
- Examples: Mint, coriander, basil.
Shrubs
- Characteristics: Bushy, medium-sized plants with woody stems.
- Examples: Rose, hibiscus, bougainvillea.
Trees
- Characteristics: Tall, large plants with a single, hard woody stem called a trunk.
- Examples: Mango, neem, oak.
Climbers
- Characteristics: Plants that need support to grow upwards.
- Examples: Money plant, grapevine, ivy.
Creepers
- Characteristics: Plants that grow along the ground.
- Examples: Pumpkin, watermelon, sweet potato.
2. Based on Life Span
Annuals
- Characteristics: Complete their life cycle in one growing season.
- Examples: Wheat, rice, sunflower.
Biennials
- Characteristics: Take two years to complete their life cycle. The first year is for vegetative growth, second year is for flowering and seed production.
- Examples: Carrot, beetroot, parsley.
Perennials
- Characteristics: Live for more than two years and can flower and produce seeds multiple times.
- Examples: Mango tree, rose bush, tulsi.
3. Based on Habitat
Aquatic Plants
- Characteristics: Grow in water environments.
- Examples: Lotus, water lily, hydrilla.
Terrestrial Plants
- Characteristics: Grow on land.
- Examples: Mango tree, rose bush, grass.
Epiphytes
- Characteristics: Grow on other plants but are not parasitic.
- Examples: Orchids, ferns, bromeliads.
4. Based on the Reproduction Method
Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)
- Characteristics: Produce flowers and seeds enclosed in fruits.
- Examples: Mango, apple, rose.
Non-Flowering Plants (Gymnosperms)
- Characteristics: Produce seeds but do not produce flowers. Seeds are not enclosed in fruits.
- Examples: Pine, fir, cycad.
5. Based on Leaf Venation
Parallel Venation
- Characteristics: Veins run parallel to each other.
- Examples: Grass, wheat, banana.
Reticulate Venation
- Characteristics: Veins form a network.
- Examples: Mango, hibiscus, guava.
6. Based on the Root System
Taproot System
- Characteristics: One main root grows deep into the soil with smaller roots branching off.
- Examples: Carrot, radish, beetroot.
Fibrous Root System
- Characteristics: Many thin roots spread out from the base of the stem.
- Examples: Wheat, rice, grass.
7. Based on Utility
Edible Plants
- Characteristics: Plants that provide food.
- Examples: Rice, wheat, spinach.
Medicinal Plants
- Characteristics: Plants with healing properties.
- Examples: Tulsi, neem, aloe vera.
Ornamental Plants
- Characteristics: Plants grown for decorative purposes.
- Examples: Rose, marigold, petunia.
Timber Plants
- Characteristics: Plants that provide wood for construction and furniture.
- Examples: Teak, mahogany, sandalwood.
Conclusion
Grouping plants helps us understand their diversity and how they fit into our ecosystem. By observing plants and recognizing their characteristics, we can appreciate their role in nature and use them wisely.